水井套损部位可洗井封堵工具的研制

目前油田套损注水井使用常规小直封隔器无法实现反洗井、使用可洗井封隔器反洗井时不能有效封堵套损点,为此研制了注水井套损部位可洗井封堵工具,实现可反洗井和对套损点的有效封堵。该封堵工具在注水井套损补贴管处使用上、下两个可洗井封堵工具,采用大、小两组胶筒的结构设计,内设洗井通道,反洗井时能够保证对套损点的有效封堵。     

The adjustable synergistic effects between acid–base coupling bifunctional ionic liquid extractants for rare earth separation

Two of the most widely used industrial extractants for rare earth elements (REEs), that is, di(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) and 2‐ethyl(hexyl) phosphonic acid mono‐2‐ethylhexyl ester (HEH[EHP]) were developed into [DEHP]^? type acid–base coupling bifunctionalized ionic liquids (ABC‐BILs) and [EHEHP]^? type ABC‐BILs, respectively. The combinations of ABC‐BIL extractants revealed synergistic effects for REEs. Seven different combinations of ABC‐BILs and five kinds of REEs confirmed the novel synergistic extraction. Some synergy coefficients of the combined ABC‐BILs were bigger than those of mixed HDEHP and HEH[EHP] by two orders of magnitude. The first synergistic extraction produced by ionic liquid extractants in the field of solvent extraction was reported in this article. The novel synergistic extraction from combined ABC‐BILs extractants revealed highly efficient and environmentally friendly potential in both of academic research and industrial application for REEs separation. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3859–3868, 2014     

医用稀土镁合金微观组织特征及力学行为研究进展

近年来,镁合金作为生物医用金属材料受到了广泛关注,但其较差的力学强度极易导致植入物在服役周期内崩塌断裂,严重危及患者生命安全。稀土微复合金化作为当下提高可降解镁合金力学性能的有效措施,在消除镁合金杂质元素、净化熔体的同时,还可以起到促进动态再结晶、形成长周期堆垛有序相等作用。因此,本文从稀土镁合金微观结构转变及其与力学性能的基本关联出发,综述了近年来医用稀土镁合金组织特征及力学性能的研究进展,深入发掘了稀土元素、第二相及镁合金力学性能之间的本质关联,详细阐述了连续动态再结晶对稀土镁合金的强韧化机理,全面叙述了稀土元素诱导长周期堆垛有序结构对镁合金力学性能的影响规律。最后,本文对医用稀土镁合金未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

Verbundverhalten von Vollgewindeschrauben in Brettschichtholzbauteilen

Bond behaviour of self‐tapping screws being used as reinforcement in glue‐laminated timber elements – Part 2: Analytical and numerical investigations as well bond model derivation for the calculation of anchorage length In favor of the investigation of bond behaviour, force transfer and anchorage length of self‐tapping screws, several tests have been realized at the Chair of Structures and Structural Design in cooperation with the Institute for Building Material Research of the RWTH Aachen University. The experimental investigations comprise more than 160 pull‐out tests of screws with long embedment length and over 84 load distributions tests. Additionally, several tests displaying the effect of longitudinal cracks in the surrounding wood as well as the effect of the screw tip have been conducted. Through various analyses of the bond behaviour, the experimental investigations form the basis for the calibration and evaluation of the numerical models and allow a prediction of the force transfer of the screws in glue‐laminated elements. Design rules that enable the application of the self‐tapping screws as reinforcement in timber elements have been derived from the knowledge obtained in the experimental and numerical investigations. This paper, which results from a research project funded by the German Research Foundation [1], presents the results of investigations on the bond behavior of self‐tapping screws in glue‐laminated timber elements. Part 1 elaborates on the experimental investigations [2] whereas part 2 illustrates the numerical analyses and presents a bond model, which enables the design of the anchorage length and the safe application of the screws as reinforcement in timber elements.     

缓释镍陶粒对废水厌氧处理的影响

以粉煤灰、水泥、石灰、石膏为主要原料,以CaCl2、Na2SO4、Na3PO4为复合添加剂,在制备陶粒过程中加入吸附Ni2+后的硅藻土,采用蒸气养护法制备出缓慢释放微量Ni2+的生物陶粒,并研究其对废水厌氧处理的影响。实验结果表明,陶粒对Ni2+的释放量与陶粒负载Ni2+质量、陶粒蒸养时间有关,陶粒释放平衡时间为9 d,起到了很好的缓释效果;通过在厌氧生物反应器中空白对照组与添加缓释Ni2+陶粒组的对比实验表明,添加缓释Ni2+反应器的COD去除率最高达到89.8%,比空白对照组高出23.6%,缓释陶粒释放出的Ni2+离子能够被微生物很好的吸收利用,提高废水厌氧处理效果,而不会造成水质的污染。     

雨洪调蓄视角下的城市人工湖水量平衡景观设计方法研究

作为水生态基础设施之一的城市人工湖,可以通过自身水量平衡的调节实现雨洪调蓄功能。但是当前城市人工湖规划建设普遍存在水量难以维持的矛盾。在厘清城市人工湖水量平衡基本原理与空间尺度的前提下,借助城市人工湖与自然湖泊水文循环过程的对比研究,构建出人工湖水量平衡过程,进而分析其8项水量平衡要素的影响因子及调控可行性,并从风景园林专业可控的视角,将城市人工湖水文循环过程与景观要素进行耦合,建立起以水量平衡为目标的城市人工湖景观设计导则,通过"空间结构对位"和"物质载体对应"2个设计步骤实现水量调控。以期为城市人工湖水量保持的现实问题提供普适性的规划设计方法体系,拓展水生态基础设施研究领域的范畴,为"海绵城市"的建设提供理论借鉴与实践参考。     

西雅图社区花园的用地获取、功能分区和元素组成

社区花园在欧美具有悠久历史,在健康城市建设和促进社区发展方面的功效已经得到证实。目前,已针对社区花园的功能、类型、经营和科普等开展研究,但对土地获取和设计相关的研究较少。西雅图的社区花园历史悠久,并获得政府支持,是美国发展社区花园的城市典范。通过对西雅图23个典型案例进行调研,对用地获取方式、功能类型、分区和元素组成进行分类总结,为设计建造具有中国特色的社区花园提供启示。     

构造叠加晕找矿方法在某金矿区深部找矿预测中的应用

为评价某金矿深部找矿潜力及找矿靶区预测,文章采用构造叠加晕的找矿方法,通过系统的岩石地球化学分析及构造叠加晕理论模型的建立,对某金矿区主矿体(LM8)进行了深部找矿潜力评价和找矿靶区预测。文章以该金矿的成矿地质背景、成矿作用、成矿期次、矿床类型、矿床地质特征等作为基础资料,提出了该金矿床具有多阶段、多时期叠加成矿的特点,且矿体受NWW向韧性剪切带控制明显。研究结果表明:金矿区主矿体(LM8)深部存在盲矿体,且矿体延伸较大,经SDZK1901、SDZK1902钻孔验证,预测靶区找矿效果良好,显示了构造叠加晕找矿方法在该区域找矿方面具有良好的实用性,为区域金矿勘查提供借鉴意义。     

陕南镇巴地区牛蹄塘组页岩沉积环境分析

页岩的形成环境对于页岩储层评价和甜点预测具有重要意义。文章应用元素地球化学分析方法探讨陕西西乡—镇巴地区牛蹄塘组页岩沉积环境。①B含量和Sp值、Fe_2O_3/Ti O_2-Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)图解、Mn_O/Ti O_2均指示牛蹄塘组沉积于大陆边缘浅海环境;②Sr/Cu、CIA和高BaXS均反映该区牛蹄塘组沉积期间气候温暖湿润,生物繁盛,水体古生产力高;③V/Cr、V/(V+Ni)、Ni/Co、Th/U、δU及草莓状黄铁矿富集表明牛蹄塘组页岩在缺氧的还原条件下沉积;④红柱石晶体、Si O_2/Al_2O_3比值及高丰度Mo、V表征牛蹄塘组页岩硅质矿物除陆源碎屑外,大部分为生物成因,仅在地层底部有少量热液成因硅。     

湘东北传梓源铌钽锂矿床地质地球化学特征及成因

平江传梓源铌钽锂稀有金属矿床位于幕阜山岩体南西缘,大地构造位置位于扬子板块东南缘江南造山带中段。文章通过铌钽锂矿石的微量元素和稀土元素的组成及其空间上的演化规律,探讨铌钽锂的成矿作用过程,进一步探讨该矿床的矿床成因。自北至南,传梓源铌钽锂稀有金属矿区依次出现幕阜山岩体→微斜长石伟晶岩→微斜长石—钠长石伟晶岩→钠长石伟晶岩→含铌钽的钠长石—锂辉石伟晶岩。该区含矿伟晶岩与幕阜山早期黑云母二长花岗岩的微量元素和稀土元素分布基本一致,表明该区伟晶岩为幕阜山花岗质岩浆结晶演化的产物。对比4种不同类型的伟晶岩发现,Sr元素含量与Nb、Ta的含量呈正相关。微斜长石伟晶岩至钠长石伟晶岩均呈现铕负异常,而含铌钽的钠长石—锂辉石伟晶岩却呈现铕正异常,这可能与富含铌、钽、锂的碱质气水热液叠加自交代(钠化)相关。该区各类型伟晶岩是幕阜山花岗质岩浆结晶分异后期的产物,在伟晶岩原结晶阶段时Nb、Ta等成矿物质发生初步富集,而含铌钽的钠长石-锂辉石伟晶岩可能为富含铌、钽、锂的碱质气水热液叠加自交代的结果。